Mega sites
SWEDEN
GOTHENBURG
Digital and physical connected Mobility for Public transport hub and Campus Mobility
Vision
The Gothenburg pilot focuses on automated mobility as a complement to public transport, providing a free shuttle service within a 1 x 0.7 km campus area. The service is seamlessly connected to a public transport hub and integrated into the city’s transport network as Line 68.
The Service
- Free of charge
- Safety driver on board
- No prior booking // ride on the spot
- Passengers can follow trips on the PTA app called ToGo
- Remote supervision from Paris
- FMS system from Autofleet
Fleet
2 Navya Arma electric AVs (battery), L3+
Target Passengers
People studying or working at the campus area or any interested passenger, from commuters to passers-by
The Route
Automated shuttles run between a hub in central Gothenburg (tram and bus) and a campus area. Roundtrip is 3,4 km and includes 5 stops.
Key Feedback
Key Challenges & Recommendations
Use Cases
UC1.1 & 1.2 (normal & complex conditions)
UC1.3 (interfacing other road users)
UC1.6 (mixed traffic floes)
UC1.7 (connection to operation centre)
UC3.4 (automated services bus depot)
Local Ecosystem
Legacy
Following the project’s conclusion, Level 4 autonomous mobility was successfully tested with Easymile, proving that services without a safety operator are feasible with the right training and operational setup, thanks to support from Keolis teams. While Keolis autonomous mobility initiatives in Sweden concluded at the end of 2023, the legacy continues, as Gothenburg’s Public Transport Authority, Västtrafik, remains interested in exploring autonomous options, keeping the vision for driverless public transit alive in the region.
LINKÖPING
Automated electrified shuttles as an integrated part of the future sustainable cities
Vision
The Linköping site successfully demonstrated the safe and reliable operation of three electrified automated vehicles in a mixed traffic environment, including shared spaces with vulnerable road users (VRUs) to improve the user experience for all end users. Transdev Sweden operated Navya and EasyMile shuttles for 23 months, providing a “first-mile, last-mile” service that complemented existing public transport. Passengers could track the shuttles via a mobile app and request pick-up or drop-off points. The service tested cooperation among multiple OEMs, PT providers, and operators.
The Service
- Free of charge
- Safety driver on board
- No prior booking // ride on the spot
- C-ITS is used to optimize the trips, but the service is not dependent on it
Fleet
- 2 EasyMile Gen2
- 1 Navya
Target Passengers
Students/ employees at the University, children at the school, elderly at the retirement home
The Route
The route spanned 4.2 km and included 13 stops.
Key Feedback
Challenges & Recommendations
Use Cases
UC 1.1 – UC1.2 First & Last mile public transportation in mixed traffic (normal, complex conditions)
UC 1.3 First & Last mile public transportation at shared space with VRU
UC 1.6 First & Last mile public transportation in mixed traffic
UC 1.7 ELIN operational Dashboard
UC 3.4 On-demand stop signal at bus stops
UC 3.1 Route optimisation based on passenger counting
UC 3.2 Personalised route (on & off) suggestion
Local Ecosystem
Legacy
Based on the successful demonstration, on-demand solutions have been implemented in the same area, expanding the service to more streets and enabling bidirectional operation. Preparation for this expansion occurred during spring 2024, and the service is now operational with downloadable apps. To support this expansion, new vehicles will be integrated, and regulations enabling remote operation will be established. A dedicated remote office will be set up to monitor and control the vehicles. Rigorous testing will be conducted to address latency and other technical challenges.